确定特高压交流跨区电能交易中计划综合网损率的新方法

针对现行特高压交流输电交易线损管理及交易结算中综合网损率采用单一固定值的不足,提出了一种确定计划综合网损率的新方法。该方法以特高压交流输电线损理论计算为基础,拟合综合网损率与输送功率的原始曲线关系,再利用根据关口电量统计数据计算得出的综合网损率实际值与输送功率的关系拟合曲线对原始曲线进行几何平均修正,最后依据修正曲线函数关系式来确定计划特高压交流综合网损率的数值。特高压交流跨区电能交易的实例应用分析表明:该方法简单易行,准确性高,可使特高压交流综合网损率计划值更加趋近于实际值,极大地提升了交易结算的公平性。     

国外电力现货市场建设的逻辑分析及对中国的启示与建议

现货市场是电力市场体系的重要环节,对于电力市场的开放、竞争、有序运行起到了基础性的支撑作用,也是协调市场交易与系统安全的关键所在。文中在全面比对、分析不同国家电力市场建设最新实践的基础上,剖析了电力现货市场的体系架构与构建方式,提炼总结了现货市场建设过程中所需遵循的普遍性规律。并对现货市场构建中的一些关键问题和微观要素进行了深入研究和内在逻辑分析,包括:现货市场的交易规模及其影响因素,市场出清方式及其物理模型,现货市场的价格机制,市场力抑制等相关配套机制,以及现货市场与双边市场、金融市场的协调运行等。最后,对中国下一步建设与大用户直购电相适应的电力现货市场提出了相应的政策建议。     

考虑爬坡约束的交易分配的网络流模型

研究了采用网络流法求解考虑爬坡约束的电力市场交易分配问题,该方法具有全局优化、算法简单、收敛速度快的特点,但当某些机组报价特性相同时,会出现局部多解、出力分配振荡的现象。文中提出了考虑爬坡损耗的网络流方法,解决了上述潜在问题。该方法利用机组爬坡损耗的不同,在机组报价相同的情况下可以有效地消除多解现象,并具有一般的网络流方法在出力分配问题上的优势。数学分析证明了该方法的合理性。该网络模型已用于实际交易决策支持系统,使用效果良好。     

谋划我国区域电力市场由两级过渡到一级之路

中国六大区域电力市场与国际上主要区域电力市场相似,具有在现今资源和技术条件下可以较好协调安全性和经济性的合理规模,条件是交易在一个平台上统筹,也就是一级区域电力市场.但我国又不得不从含省(自治区、直辖市,下同)一级的两级区域电力市场起步,因此有必要探讨一种有利于过渡到一级区域电力市场的两级区域电力市场的新模式,即"自调整的两级区域电力市场",但这需要精心设计和耐心调整.文中提出了建立这类区域电力市场的3个基本条件,基于此提出了"一网两制"的两级区域电力市场的新模式,其中最关键的是:首先要坚持日前交易在大区一个平台上统筹优化;其次要放手让省调度交易中心二次交易调度并结算,各省内可以采用各自不同的交易规则和定价方法,惟一的条件是必须满足大区优化得到的省间联络线上的潮流及两端节点电价;同时强调了市场的"损益信息披露",它是良性自调整的内在动力.从而很好地实现了上述3个基本条件.最后讨论了新模式有待研究的问题,这些问题实际上是我国区域电力市场需要不断解决和完善的问题.     

一种激励相容的电力市场双边拍卖机制

电力市场竞价机制设计是目前电力市场改革中亟待解决的重要问题.文中针对有多个发电商和多个客户参加的电力市场竞价,设计出一个激励相容的双边拍卖机制.此机制在描述电力市场竞价规则的基础上,设计出符合电力市场特点的出清和交易规则.该机制不仅能保证电力市场实时出清,实现电力的经济调度和有效分配,而且能诱导风险规避的发电商申报真实的边际成本和用户披露真实的用电价值信息.最后,通过算例及其实现方法证实了该机制的有效性和实用性.     

西北电网水电参与市场化运营若干问题的研究

随着我国市场化的推进，水电正酝酿逐步参与到电力市场化运营中去。水电参与电力市场竞争，有利于市场的有效性，可以在更大范围内利用市场机制优化资源配置，健全电价机制，优化水能源的利用，更好地为经济社会的协调发展服务。在详细分析西北电网水电参与市场化运营问题的基础上，针对水电的特有规律，提出了相应的建议。     

基于防范机会主义的供应商数量研究

按照综合考虑有效抑制机会主义的负面作用和充分发挥合作的积极作用的准则,构建了供应商数量决策模型,求出了最优供应商数量的解.研究表明:最优供应商数量是合作效益的减函数、机会主义损失的增函数以及交易成本的减函数.若合作带来的供应商边际生产成本的节约相对于机会主义损失更大,买方应选择少供应商,反之,则倾向于多供应商;边际交易成本越大,买方选择的供应商数量应越少.单一供应商策略只适合于合作效益足够大或边际交易成本过大的特殊场合.     

Disconnected Processes, Mechanisms and Architecture for Mobile E-Business

With the tremendous advances in hand-held computing and communication capabilities, rapid proliferation of mobile devices, and decreasing device costs, we are seeing a growth in mobile e-business in various consumer and business markets. In this paper, we present a novel architecture and framework for end-to-end mobile e-business applications (e.g., point of sales). The architecture takes into consideration disconnection, application context, synchronization, transactions and failure recovery modes to provide mobile users with seamless and transparent access to business transactions and business-context specific data. In our architecture, we consider a novel business process design based on state-machines and event management to handle disconnection, resource limitations and failures. We designed, implemented and deployed a system for mobile e-business on clients (e.g., PDAs and PocketPCs) integrated with private exchanges and sell-side servers. The state-machine model with failure recovery mechanisms enables handling of one-to-many and many-to-one disconnections in large mobile e-business environments. The e-business framework on mobile clients is implemented based on J2ME, Webservices, and open XML standards. A detailed performance study of commerce transactions was done on different mobile client devices with diverse computing, memory and storage capabilities. We compare the performance of a purchasing application and the middleware on various devices such as PDAs and Laptops. We demonstrated that for small devices with limited capability the performance is reasonable. For devices with more computing capability, the response time is excellent.     

Phase transformation and the mechanism of combustion synthesis of ZnFe2O4 ferrite powders

The reaction mechanism of combustion synthesis of zinc ferrite, which belongs to the complex oxide combustion reaction was investigated using a combustion front quenching method (CFQM). Phase transformation and microstructural evolution of the quenched samples were observed by XRD, SEM, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that the combustion proceeded by a dissolution-precipitation mechanism, viz the iron was burned to form Fe₂O₃ in an oxygen atmosphere and melting of the Fe₂O₃ led to the dissolving of the ZnO particles, then ZnFe₂O₄ precipitated out. In addition, a model of the mechanism was drawn.     

Concave utility, transaction costs, and risk in measuring discounting of delayed rewards.

Research has consistently found that the decline in the present values of delayed rewards as delay increases is better fit by hyperbolic than by exponential delay-discounting functions. However, concave utility, transaction costs, and risk each could produce hyperbolic-looking data, even when the underlying discounting function is exponential. In Experiments 1 (N=45) and 2 (N=103), participants placed bids indicating their present values of real future monetary rewards in computer-based 2nd-price auctions. Both experiments suggest that utility is not sufficiently concave to account for the superior fit of hyperbolic functions. Experiment 2 provided no evidence that the effects of transaction costs and risk are large enough to account for the superior fit of hyperbolic functions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)